A260847 Sum over the genera g of the number of immersions of an unoriented circle with n crossing in an oriented surface of genus g.

1, 3, 13, 121, 1538, 28010, 618243, 16223774, 490103223, 16761330464, 639968394245, 26985325092730, 1245476031528966, 62451726249369666, 3380720083302727868, 196504354812897344692, 12206388155663897395208, 806977883622439156487124, 56573396893789449427353609, 4192088709829643732598955348

Offset

1,2

Comments

a(n) is the sum over the n-th row of triangle A260848.

a(n) is also the number of double cosets of H\G/K where G is the symmetric group S(2n), H is the subgroup generated by the centralizer of the circular permutation β = (1,2,3,...,2n)

of G together with the permutation (2, 2n)(3, 2n-1)(4, 2n-2) . . . (n, n+2) that conjugates β and β-1, and K is a subgroup of G isomorphic with S(n) that commutes with

(1,2)(3,4)...(2n-3,2n-2)(2n-1,2n), using cycle notation, and permutes odd resp. even integers among themselves.

For g > 0 the immersions are understood up to stable geotopy equivalence (the counted curves cannot be immersed in a surface of smaller genus). - Robert Coquereaux, Nov 23 2015

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=1..20.

R. Coquereaux, J.-B. Zuber, Maps, immersions and permutations, arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.03163, 2015. Also J. Knot Theory Ramifications 25, 1650047 (2016), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218216516500474

Prog

(Magma) /* For all n */
nbofdblecos := function(G, H, K);
CG := Classes(G); nCG := #CG; oG := #G; CH := Classes(H); nCH := #CH; oH := #H; CK := Classes(K); nCK := #CK; oK := #K;
resH := []; for mu in [1..nCG] do  Gmurep := CG[mu][3]; Hmupositions := {j: j in [1..nCH]  | CycleStructure(CH[j][3]) eq CycleStructure(Gmurep)};
Hmugoodpositions := {j : j in Hmupositions | IsConjugate(G, CH[j][3], Gmurep) eq true}; bide := 0; for j in Hmugoodpositions do bide := bide + CH[j][2]; end for;
Append(~resH, bide); end for;
resK := []; for mu in [1..nCG] do  Gmurep := CG[mu][3]; Kmupositions := {j: j in [1..nCK]  | CycleStructure(CK[j][3]) eq CycleStructure(Gmurep)};
Kmugoodpositions := {j : j in Kmupositions | IsConjugate(G, CK[j][3], Gmurep) eq true}; bide := 0; for j in Kmugoodpositions do bide := bide + CK[j][2]; end for;
Append(~resK, bide); end for;
ndcl := 0; tot := 0; for mu in [1..nCG] do tot := tot + resH[mu]* resK[mu]/CG[mu][2]; end for;  ndcl:= tot *  oG/(oH * oK); return ndcl;
end function;
UOfull := function(n); G:=Sym(2*n); genH:={}; for j in [1..(n-1)] do v := G!(1, 2*j+1)(2, 2*j+2); Include(~genH, v) ; end for;
H := PermutationGroup< 2*n |genH>;
beta:=G!Append([2..2*n], 1);  Cbeta:=Centralizer(G, beta); bool, rever := IsConjugate(G, beta, beta^(-1));
cycbeta := PermutationGroup< 2*n |{rever}>; Cbetarev := sub<G|[Cbeta, cycbeta]>; return nbofdblecos(G, H, Cbetarev); end function;
[UOfull(n) : n in [1..10]]; //

Crossrefs

Cf. A260848, A260296, A260912, A260887.

Sequence in context: A364327 A057865 A344210 * A121921 A191955 A241458

Adjacent sequences: A260844 A260845 A260846 * A260848 A260849 A260850

Keyword

nonn

Author

Robert Coquereaux, Aug 01 2015

Status

approved