OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
A Dyck path of semilength n is a (x,y)-lattice path from (0,0) to (2n,0) that does not go below the x-axis and consists of steps U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1). A peak of a Dyck path is any lattice point visited between two consecutive steps UD.
Number of general rooted ordered trees with n edges and "back edges", which are additional edges connecting vertices to their ancestors. Every vertex specifies an ordering on the edges to its children and back edges to its ancestors altogether; it may be connected to the same ancestor by multiple back edges, distinguishable only by their relative ordering under that vertex. - Li-yao Xia, Mar 06 2017
LINKS
Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500
Antti Karttunen, Bijection between rooted trees with back edges and Dyck paths with multiplicity, SeqFans mailing list, Mar 2 2017.
Wikipedia, Lattice path
Li-yao Xia, Definition and enumeration of rooted trees with back edges in Haskell, blog post, Mar 1 2017.
FORMULA
G.f.: T(0), where T(k) = 1 - x/(k*x + 2*x - 1/T(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 20 2015
Conjecture: a(n) = A371567(n-1,0) for n > 0 with a(0) = 1. - Mikhail Kurkov, Nov 07 2024
MAPLE
b:= proc(x, y, t) option remember; `if`(y>x or y<0, 0,
`if`(x=0, 1, b(x-1, y-1, 0)*y^t+b(x-1, y+1, 1)))
end:
a:= n-> b(2*n, 0$2):
seq(a(n), n=0..25);
MATHEMATICA
nmax = 25; Clear[g]; g[nmax+1] = 1; g[k_] := g[k] = 1 - x/(k*x + 2*x - 1/g[k+1]); CoefficientList[Series[g[0], {x, 0, nmax}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 20 2015, after Sergei N. Gladkovskii *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,changed
AUTHOR
Alois P. Heinz, May 22 2015
STATUS
approved