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%I #31 Jan 02 2023 12:30:51
%S 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,16,20,21,23,25,29,30,32,34,38,41,43,47,
%T 49,50,52,56,58,61,65,67,70,74,76,83,85,89,92,94,98,101,110,112,116,
%U 118,130,136,152,158,170,172,203,209,221,227,229,245,265,281,310,316,334,338,356
%N Magnanimous numbers: numbers such that the sum obtained by inserting a "+" anywhere between two digits gives a prime.
%C Inclusion of the single-digit terms is conventional: here the property is voidly satisfied since no sum can be constructed by inserting a + sign between two digits, therefore all possible sums are prime. (It is not allowed to prefix a leading zero (e.g., to forbid 4 = 04 = 0+4) since in that case all terms must be prime and one would get A089392.)
%C All terms different from 20 and not of the form 10^k+1 have the last digit of opposite parity than that of all other digits.
%C The sequence is marked as "finite", although we do not have a rigorous proof for this, only very strong evidence (numerical and probabilistic). G. Resta has checked that up to 5e16 the only magnanimous numbers with more than 11 digits are 5391391551358 and 97393713331910, the latter being probably the largest element of this sequence. In that case the 10+33+79+104+112+96+71+35+18+6+5+0+1+1 = 571 terms listed in Wilson's b-file are the complete list, which is what the keyword "full" stands for.
%H Robert G. Wilson v, <a href="/A252996/b252996.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..571</a>
%H H. Havermann, in reply to E. Angelini, <a href="http://list.seqfan.eu/oldermail/seqfan/2014-December/014188.html">Insert "+" and always get a prime</a>, Dec 2014
%H G. Resta, <a href="http://www.numbersaplenty.com/set/magnanimous_number/">magnanimous numbers</a>, 2013.
%H C. Rivera, <a href="http://www.primepuzzles.net/puzzles/puzz_401.htm">Puzzle 401. Magnanimous primes</a>, 2007.
%e 245 is in the sequence because the numbers 2 + 45 = 47 and 24 + 5 = 29 are both prime. See the first comment for the single-digit terms.
%p filter:= proc(n) local d;
%p for d from 1 to ilog10(n)-1 do
%p if not isprime(floor(n/10^d)+(n mod 10^d)) then return false fi
%p od:
%p true
%p end proc:
%p select(filter, [$0..10^5]); # _Robert Israel_, Dec 25 2014
%t fQ[n_] := Block[{idn = IntegerDigits@ n, lng = Floor@ Log10@ n}, Union@ PrimeQ@ Table[ FromDigits[ Take[ idn, i]] + FromDigits[ Take[ idn, -lng + i -1]], {i, lng}] == {True}]; (* or *)
%t fQ[n_] := Block[{lng = Floor@ Log10@ n}, Union@ PrimeQ[ Table[ Floor[n/10^k] + Mod[n, 10^k], {k, lng}]] == {True}];
%t fQ[2] = fQ[3] = fQ[5] = fQ[7] = True; Select[ Range@ 500, fQ]
%t (* _Robert G. Wilson v_, Dec 26 2014 *)
%t mnQ[n_]:=AllTrue[Total/@Table[FromDigits/@TakeDrop[IntegerDigits[n],i],{i,IntegerLength[n]-1}],PrimeQ]; Join[Range[0,9],Select[Range[ 10,400], mnQ]] (* Requires Mathematica version 10 or later *) (* _Harvey P. Dale_, May 26 2017 *)
%o (PARI) is(n)={!for(i=1,#Str(n)-1,ispseudoprime([1,1]*(divrem(n,10^i)))||return)}
%o t=0;vector(100,i,until(is(t++),);t)
%Y Cf. A089392, A089393, A089394, A028834, A182175, A088134, A221699, A227823.
%K nonn,base,nice,fini,full
%O 1,3
%A _M. F. Hasler_, Dec 25 2014
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