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A237270
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Triangle read by rows in which row n lists the parts of the symmetric representation of sigma(n).
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274
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1, 3, 2, 2, 7, 3, 3, 12, 4, 4, 15, 5, 3, 5, 9, 9, 6, 6, 28, 7, 7, 12, 12, 8, 8, 8, 31, 9, 9, 39, 10, 10, 42, 11, 5, 5, 11, 18, 18, 12, 12, 60, 13, 5, 13, 21, 21, 14, 6, 6, 14, 56, 15, 15, 72, 16, 16, 63, 17, 7, 7, 17, 27, 27, 18, 12, 18, 91, 19, 19, 30, 30, 20, 8, 8, 20, 90
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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T(n,k) is the number of cells in the k-th region of the n-th set of regions in a diagram of the symmetry of sigma(n), see example.
Row n is a palindromic composition of sigma(n).
In the row 2n-1 of triangle both the first term and the last term are equal to n.
If n is an odd prime then row n is [m, m], where m = (1 + n)/2.
For the boundary segments in an octant see A237591.
For the boundary segments in a quadrant see A237593.
For the boundary segments in the spiral see also A239660.
We can find the spiral on the terraces of the stepped pyramid described in A244050. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 07 2016
T(n,k) is also the area of the k-th terrace, from left to right, at the n-th level, starting from the top, of the stepped pyramid described in A245092 (see Links section). - Omar E. Pol, Aug 14 2018
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LINKS
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EXAMPLE
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Illustration of the first 27 terms as regions (or parts) of a spiral constructed with the first 15.5 rows of A239660:
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. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
. | _ _ _ _ _ _ _|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7
. | | |_ _ _ _ _ _ _|
. 12 _| | |
. |_ _| _ _ _ _ _ _ |_ _
. 12 _ _| | _ _ _ _ _|_ _ _ _ _ 5 |_
. _ _ _| | 9 _| | |_ _ _ _ _| |
. | _ _ _| 9 _|_ _| |_ _ 3 |_ _ _ 7
. | | _ _| | _ _ _ _ |_ | | |
. | | | _ _| 12 _| _ _ _|_ _ _ 3 |_|_ _ 5 | |
. | | | | _| | |_ _ _| | | | |
. | | | | | _ _| |_ _ 3 | | | |
. | | | | | | 3 _ _ | | | | | |
. | | | | | | | _|_ 1 | | | | | |
. _|_| _|_| _|_| _|_| |_| _|_| _|_| _|_| _
. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
. | | | | | | |_|_ _ _| | | | | | | |
. | | | | | | 2 |_ _|_ _| _| | | | | | |
. | | | | |_|_ 2 |_ _ _|7 _ _| | | | | |
. | | | | 4 |_ _| _ _| | | | |
. | | |_|_ _ |_ _ _ _ | _| _ _ _| | | |
. | | 6 |_ |_ _ _ _|_ _ _ _| | 15 _| _ _| | |
. |_|_ _ _ |_ 4 |_ _ _ _ _| _| | _ _ _| |
. 8 | |_ _ | | _| | _ _ _|
. |_ | |_ _ _ _ _ _ | _ _|28 _| |
. |_ |_ |_ _ _ _ _ _|_ _ _ _ _ _| | _| _|
. 8 |_ _| 6 |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| _ _| _|
. | | _ _| 31
. |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | |
. |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |
. 8 |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
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[For two other drawings of the spiral see the links. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 16 2020]
If the sequence does not contain negative terms then its terms can be represented in a quadrant. For the construction of the diagram we use the symmetric Dyck paths of A237593 as shown below:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Triangle Diagram of the symmetry of sigma (n = 1..24)
---------------------------------------------------------------
. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1; |_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
3; |_ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2, 2; |_ _| _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
7; |_ _ _| _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
3, 3; |_ _ _| _| _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
12; |_ _ _ _| _| | _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
4, 4; |_ _ _ _| |_ _|_| _ _|_| | | | | | | | | | | |
15; |_ _ _ _ _| _| | _ _ _|_| | | | | | | | | |
5, 3, 5; |_ _ _ _ _| | _|_| | _ _ _|_| | | | | | | |
9, 9; |_ _ _ _ _ _| _ _| _| | _ _ _|_| | | | | |
6, 6; |_ _ _ _ _ _| | _| _| _| | _ _ _ _|_| | | |
28; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| |_ _| _| _ _| | | _ _ _ _|_| |
7, 7; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _| | _ _| _| _| | | _ _ _ _|
12, 12; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | | | _|_| |* * * *
8, 8, 8; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | _ _| _ _|_| |* * * *
31; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | _ _| _| _ _|* * * *
9, 9; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |_ _ _| _|* * * * * *
39; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | _ _| _|* * * * * * *
10, 10; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | | |* * * * * * * *
42; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | _ _ _|* * * * * * * *
11, 5, 5, 11; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| | |* * * * * * * * * * *
18, 18; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |* * * * * * * * * * *
12, 12; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| |* * * * * * * * * * *
60; |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|* * * * * * * * * * *
...
The total number of cells in the first n set of symmetric regions of the diagram equals A024916(n), the sum of all divisors of all positive integers <= n, hence the total number of cells in the n-th set of symmetric regions of the diagram equals sigma(n) = A000203(n).
For n = 9 the 9th row of A237593 is [5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5] and the 8th row of A237593 is [5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5] therefore between both symmetric Dyck paths there are three regions (or parts) of sizes [5, 3, 5], so row 9 is [5, 3, 5].
The sum of divisors of 9 is 1 + 3 + 9 = A000203(9) = 13. On the other hand the sum of the parts of the symmetric representation of sigma(9) is 5 + 3 + 5 = 13, equaling the sum of divisors of 9.
For n = 24 the 24th row of A237593 is [13, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 13] and the 23rd row of A237593 is [12, 5, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 12] therefore between both symmetric Dyck paths there are only one region (or part) of size 60, so row 24 is 60.
The sum of divisors of 24 is 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 + 24 = A000203(24) = 60. On the other hand the sum of the parts of the symmetric representation of sigma(24) is 60, equaling the sum of divisors of 24.
Note that the number of *'s in the diagram is 24^2 - A024916(24) = 576 - 491 = A004125(24) = 85.
Also consider the infinite double-staircases diagram defined in A335616 (see the theorem).
For n = 15 the diagram with first 15 levels looks like this:
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Level "Double-staircases" diagram
. _
1 _|1|_
2 _|1 _ 1|_
3 _|1 |1| 1|_
4 _|1 _| |_ 1|_
5 _|1 |1 _ 1| 1|_
6 _|1 _| |1| |_ 1|_
7 _|1 |1 | | 1| 1|_
8 _|1 _| _| |_ |_ 1|_
9 _|1 |1 |1 _ 1| 1| 1|_
10 _|1 _| | |1| | |_ 1|_
11 _|1 |1 _| | | |_ 1| 1|_
12 _|1 _| |1 | | 1| |_ 1|_
13 _|1 |1 | _| |_ | 1| 1|_
14 _|1 _| _| |1 _ 1| |_ |_ 1|_
15 |1 |1 |1 | |1| | 1| 1| 1|
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Starting from A196020 and after the algorithm described in A280850 and A296508 applied to the above diagram we have a new diagram as shown below:
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Level "Ziggurat" diagram
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6 |1|
7 _ | | _
8 _|1| _| |_ |1|_
9 _|1 | |1 1| | 1|_
10 _|1 | | | | 1|_
11 _|1 | _| |_ | 1|_
12 _|1 | |1 1| | 1|_
13 _|1 | | | | 1|_
14 _|1 | _| _ |_ | 1|_
15 |1 | |1 |1| 1| | 1|
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The 15th row
of A249351 : [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
The 15th row
of triangle: [ 8, 8, 8 ]
The 15th row
The 15th row
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More generally, for n >= 1, it appears there is the same correspondence between the original diagram of the symmetric representation of sigma(n) and the "Ziggurat" diagram of n.
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MATHEMATICA
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T[n_, k_] := Ceiling[(n + 1)/k - (k + 1)/2] (* from A235791 *)
path[n_] := Module[{c = Floor[(Sqrt[8n + 1] - 1)/2], h, r, d, rd, k, p = {{0, n}}}, h = Map[T[n, #] - T[n, # + 1] &, Range[c]]; r = Join[h, Reverse[h]]; d = Flatten[Table[{{1, 0}, {0, -1}}, {c}], 1];
rd = Transpose[{r, d}]; For[k = 1, k <= 2c, k++, p = Join[p, Map[Last[p] + rd[[k, 2]] * # &, Range[rd[[k, 1]]]]]]; p]
segments[n_] := SplitBy[Map[Min, Drop[Drop[path[n], 1], -1] - path[n - 1]], # == 0 &]
a237270[n_] := Select[Map[Apply[Plus, #] &, segments[n]], # != 0 &]
Flatten[Map[a237270, Range[40]]] (* data *)
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A000203, A004125, A023196, A024916, A153485, A196020, A221529, A231347, A235791, A235796, A236104, A236112, A236540, A237046, A237048, A237271, A237590, A237591, A237593, A239050, A239660, A239663, A239665, A239931, A239932, A239933, A239934, A240020, A240062, A244050, A245092, A249351, A262626, A280850, A280851, A296508, A335616, A340035.
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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Drawing of the spiral extended by Omar E. Pol, Nov 22 2020
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STATUS
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approved
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