OFFSET
1,2
FORMULA
E.g.f. A(x) satisfies:
(1) A(x - x*arctan(x)) = x.
(2) A(x) = x/(1 - arctan(A(x))).
(3) A(x) = x + Sum_{n>=1} d^(n-1)/dx^(n-1) x^n * arctan(x)^n / n!.
(4) A(x) = x*exp( Sum_{n>=1} d^(n-1)/dx^(n-1) x^(n-1) * arctan(x)^n / n! ).
a(n) ~ n^(n-1) * s^2 * (1+1/s^2)^(n+1/2) / (sqrt(2)*exp(n)), where s = 0.61728206508912310932... is the root of the equation (1+s^2)*(1-arctan(s)) = s. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 13 2014
EXAMPLE
E.g.f.: A(x) = x + 2*x^2/2! + 12*x^3/3! + 112*x^4/4! + 1440*x^5/5! + ...
where A(x) = x/(1 - arctan(A(x))).
The e.g.f. satisfies:
(3) A(x) = x + x*arctan(x) + d/dx x^2*arctan(x)^2/2! + d^2/dx^2 x^3*arctan(x)^3/3! + d^3/dx^3 x^4*arctan(x)^4/4! + ...
(4) log(A(x)/x) = arctan(x) + d/dx x*arctan(x)^2/2! + d^2/dx^2 x^2*arctan(x)^3/3! + d^3/dx^3 x^3*arctan(x)^4/4! + ...
MATHEMATICA
Rest[CoefficientList[InverseSeries[Series[x - x*ArcTan[x], {x, 0, 20}], x], x] * Range[0, 20]!] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 13 2014 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n)=n!*polcoeff(serreverse(x-x*atan(x +x*O(x^n))), n)}
for(n=1, 25, print1(a(n), ", "))
(PARI) {Dx(n, F)=local(D=F); for(i=1, n, D=deriv(D)); D}
{a(n)=local(A=x); A=x+sum(m=1, n, Dx(m-1, x^m*atan(x+x*O(x^n))^m/m!)); n!*polcoeff(A, n)}
for(n=1, 25, print1(a(n), ", "))
(PARI) {Dx(n, F)=local(D=F); for(i=1, n, D=deriv(D)); D}
{a(n)=local(A=x+x^2+x*O(x^n)); A=x*exp(sum(m=1, n, Dx(m-1, x^(m-1)*atan(x+x*O(x^n))^m/m!)+x*O(x^n))); n!*polcoeff(A, n)}
for(n=1, 25, print1(a(n), ", "))
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, Jul 13 2013
STATUS
approved