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A219508 Pierce expansion of 4*(3 - 2*sqrt(2)). 6
1, 3, 16, 17, 72, 577, 2312, 665857, 2663432, 886731088897, 3546924355592, 1572584048032918633353217, 6290336192131674533412872, 4946041176255201878775086487573351061418968498177 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
For x in the open interval (0,1) define the map f(x) = 1 - x*floor(1/x). The n-th term (n >= 0) in the Pierce expansion of x is given by floor(1/f^(n)(x)), where f^(n)(x) denotes the n-th iterate of the map f, with the convention that f^(0)(x) = x.
Paradis et al. have determined the Pierce expansion of the quadratic irrationality 2*(p - 1)*(p - sqrt(p^2 - 1)), p a positive integer greater than or equal to 3. The present sequence is the case p = 3. For other cases see A219509 (p = 5), A219510 (p = 7) and A219511 (p = 9).
Compare this Pierce expansion for 4*(3 - 2*sqrt(2)), with terms determined by quadratic recurrences, with the Pierce expansion of 3 - 2*sqrt(2) given in A006275, where the terms are determined by cubic recurrences.
LINKS
J. Paradis, P. Viader, L. Bibiloni Approximation to quadratic irrationals and their Pierce expansions, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol.36 No. 2 (1998) 146-153.
T. A. Pierce, On an algorithm and its use in approximating roots of algebraic equations, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 36 No. 10, (1929) p.523-525.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pierce Expansion
FORMULA
a(2*n) = 2*{(1 + sqrt(2))^(2^n) + (1 - sqrt(2))^(2^n) + 2} for n >= 1.
a(2*n-1) = 1/2*{(1 + sqrt(2))^(2^n) + (1 - sqrt(2))^(2^n)} for n >= 1.
Recurrence equations: a(0) = 1, a(1) = 3 and for n >= 1, a(2*n) = 4*(a(2*n-1) + 1) and a(2*n+1) = 2*{a(2*n-1)}^2 - 1.
It follows that a(2*n) = 8*a(2*n-3)^2 for n >=2.
4*(3 - 2*sqrt(2)) = sum {n >= 0} 1/product {k = 0..n} a(k) = 1 - 1/3 + 1/(3*16) - 1/(3*16*17) + 1/(3*16*17*72) - ....
a(2*n) = 8*A001601(n-1)^2 for n >= 2
a(2*n-1) = A001601(n) for n >= 1.
MATHEMATICA
PierceExp[A_, n_] := Join[Array[1 &, Floor[A]], First@Transpose@ NestList[{Floor[1/Expand[1 - #[[1]] #[[2]]]], Expand[1 - #[[1]] #[[2]]]} &, {Floor[1/(A - Floor[A])], A - Floor[A]}, n - 1]]; PierceExp[N[4*(3 - 2*Sqrt[2]) , 7!], 10] (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 14 2016 *)
PROG
(PARI) r=(3 + 2*sqrt(2))/4; for(n=1, 10, print(floor(r), ", "); r=r/(r-floor(r))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 15 2016
CROSSREFS
Cf. A001601, A006275, A219509 (p = 5), A219510 (p = 7), A219511 (p = 9).
Sequence in context: A076623 A370978 A068516 * A032922 A103655 A022126
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Peter Bala, Nov 23 2012
STATUS
approved

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Last modified March 28 10:55 EDT 2024. Contains 371241 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)