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A202842
Number of secondary structures of size n having no stacks of length 2.
6
1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 31, 66, 142, 316, 708, 1593, 3625, 8314, 19165, 44433, 103557, 242376, 569514, 1343099, 3177766, 7540845, 17943506, 42804078, 102345017, 245233366, 588785677, 1416247791, 3412495415, 8235829927, 19906780104, 48185131721, 116790380824, 283432579807
OFFSET
0,4
COMMENTS
For "secondary structure" and "stack" see the Hofacker et al. reference, p. 209.
a(n) = A202841(n,0).
LINKS
I. L. Hofacker, P. Schuster and P. F. Stadler, Combinatorics of RNA secondary structures, Discrete Appl. Math., 88, 1998, 207-237.
P. R. Stein and M. S. Waterman, On some new sequences generalizing the Catalan and Motzkin numbers, Discrete Math., 26 (1979), 261-272.
FORMULA
G.f.: G=G(z) satisfies G = 1+zG +fG(G-1)/(1+f), where f = z^2*(1-z^2+z^4)/(1-z^2).
EXAMPLE
a(5)=7; representing unpaired vertices by v and arcs by AA, BB, etc., the 8 (= A004148(5)) secondary structures of size 5 are vvvvv, AvAvv, vvAvA, AvvAv, vAvvA, AvvvA, vAvAv, ABvBA; only the last one has a stack of length 2.
MAPLE
f := z^2*(1-z^2+z^4)/(1-z^2): eq := G = 1+z*G+f*G*(G-1)/(1+f): G := RootOf(eq, G): Gser := simplify(series(G, z = 0, 38)): seq(coeff(Gser, z, n), n = 0 .. 34);
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Emeric Deutsch, Dec 25 2011
STATUS
approved