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A195284
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Decimal expansion of shortest length of segment from side AB through incenter to side AC in right triangle ABC with sidelengths (a,b,c)=(3,4,5); i.e., decimal expansion of 2*sqrt(10)/3.
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94
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2, 1, 0, 8, 1, 8, 5, 1, 0, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 1, 9, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 9, 2, 9, 0, 2, 9, 6, 2, 1, 8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 8, 1, 3, 0, 3, 6, 7, 5, 9, 5, 5, 0, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 1, 2, 3, 8, 3, 3, 6, 5, 6, 8, 5, 2, 8, 3, 9, 6, 2, 9, 2, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 8, 8, 1, 4, 2, 2, 9, 4, 9, 8, 7, 3, 8, 9, 1, 9, 5, 3, 3, 5, 3, 0
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OFFSET
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1,1
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COMMENTS
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Apart from the first digit, the same as A176219 (decimal expansion of 2+2*sqrt(10)/3).
The Philo line of a point P inside an angle T is the shortest segment that crosses T and passes through P. Philo lines are not generally Euclidean-constructible.
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Suppose that P lies inside a triangle ABC. Let (A) denote the shortest length of segment from AB through P to AC, and likewise for (B) and (C). The Philo number for ABC and P is here introduced as the normalized sum ((A)+(B)+(C))/(a+b+c), denoted by Philo(ABC,P).
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Listed below are examples for which P=incenter (the center, I, of the circle inscribed in ABC, the intersection of the angle bisectors of ABC); in this list, r'x means sqrt(x), and t=(1+sqrt(5))/2 (the golden ratio).
a....b....c.......(A).......(B).......(C)....Philo(ABC,I)
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In the special case that P is the incenter, I, each Philo line, being perpendicular to an angle bisector, is constructible, and (A),(B),(C) can be evaluated exactly.
For the 3,4,5 right triangle, (A)=(2/3)*sqrt(10), (B)=sqrt(5), (C)=sqrt(8), so that Philo(ABC,I)=((2/3)sqrt(10)+sqrt(5)+sqrt(8))/12, approximately 0.59772335.
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More generally, for arbitrary right triangle (a,b,c) with a<=b<c, let f=2*a*b/(a+b+c). Then, for P=I,
(A)=f*sqrt(a^2+(b+c)^2)/(b+c),
(B)=f*sqrt(b^2+(c+a)^2)/(c+a),
(C)=f*sqrt(2).
It appears that I is the only triangle center P for which simple formulas for (A), (B), (C) are available. For P=centroid, see A195304.
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REFERENCES
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David Gale, Tracking the Automatic Ant and Other Mathematical Explorations, A Collection of Mathematical Entertainments Columns from The Mathematical Intelligencer, Springer, 1998; see chapter 16.
Clark Kimberling, Geometry In Action, Key College Publishing, 2003, pages 115-116.
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LINKS
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Clark Kimberling, Geometry In Action, 2003, scanned copy (with permission). See pages 115-116.
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FORMULA
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Equals (2/3)*sqrt(10).
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EXAMPLE
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2.10818510677891955466592902962...
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MAPLE
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philo := proc(a, b, c) local f, A, B, C, P:
f:=2*a*b/(a+b+c):
A:=f*sqrt((a^2+(b+c)^2))/(b+c):
B:=f*sqrt((b^2+(c+a)^2))/(c+a):
C:=f*sqrt(2):
P:=(A+B+C)/(a+b+c):
print(simplify([A, B, C, P])):
print(evalf([A, B, C, P])): end:
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MATHEMATICA
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a = 3; b = 4; c = 5;
h = a (a + c)/(a + b + c); k = a*b/(a + b + c); (* incenter *)
f[t_] := (t - a)^2 + ((t - a)^2) ((a*k - b*t)/(a*h - a*t))^2;
s = NSolve[D[f[t], t] == 0, t, 150]
f1 = (f[t])^(1/2) /. Part[s, 4]
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* (A) 195284 *)
f[t_] := (b*t/a)^2 + ((b*t/a)^2) ((a*h - a*t)/(b*t - a*k))^2
s = NSolve[D[f[t], t] == 0, t, 150]
f2 = (f[t])^(1/2) /. Part[s, 1]
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* (B) A002163 *)
f[t_] := (t - a)^2 + ((t - a)^2) (k/(h - t))^2
s = NSolve[D[f[t], t] == 0, t, 150]
f3 = (f[t])^(1/2) /. Part[s, 4]
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* (C) A010466 *)
(f1 + f2 + f3)/(a + b + c)
RealDigits[%, 10, 100] (* Philo(ABC, I) A195285 *)
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PROG
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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