A187260 Number of uh^jd's for some j>0, starting at level 0, where u=(1,1), h=(1,0), and d=(1,-1), in all peakless Motzkin paths of length n (can be easily expressed using RNA secondary structure terminology).

0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 25, 53, 115, 255, 575, 1315, 3043, 7111, 16756, 39766, 94961, 228003, 550081, 1332839, 3241930, 7913028, 19375635, 47579847, 117149125, 289142441, 715253644, 1773011502, 4403539181, 10956537307, 27307002454, 68164324150, 170404155586, 426584025250, 1069289177950

Offset

0,5

Comments

The terms a(n), starting from n=3, are the partial sums of the sequence A089735.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..35.

Formula

G.f.: z^3*g^2/(1-z), where g=1+z*g+z^2*g*(g-1).

a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} k*A098071(n,k).

From Vaclav Kotesovec, May 29 2022: (Start)

G.f.: (-1 + x - x^2 + sqrt((1 + (-3 + x)*x) * (1 + x + x^2)))^2 / (4*(1-x)*x).

a(n) ~ 5^(1/4) * phi^(2*n-1) / (sqrt(Pi) * n^(3/2)), where phi = A001622 is the golden ratio. (End)

D-finite with recurrence (n+1)*a(n) +(-4*n+1)*a(n-1) +(5*n-8)*a(n-2) +(-5*n+18)*a(n-3) +(5*n-22)*a(n-4) +(-5*n+32)*a(n-5) +(4*n-31)*a(n-6) +(-n+9)*a(n-7)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 22 2022

Example

a(4)=3 because the 4 (=A004148(4)) peakless Motzkin paths of length 4, namely hhhh, h(uhd), (uhd)h, and (uhhd) contain 0+1+1+1 subwords of type uh^ju for some j>0, starting at level 0 (shown between parentheses.

Maple

eq := g = 1+z*g+z^2*g*(g-1): g := RootOf(eq, g): F := z^3*g^2/(1-z): Fser := series(F, z = 0, 38): seq(coeff(Fser, z, n), n = 0 .. 35);

Mathematica

CoefficientList[Series[(-1 + x - x^2 + Sqrt[(1 + (-3 + x)*x)*(1 + x + x^2)])^2 / (4*(1 - x)*x), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, May 29 2022 *)

Crossrefs

Cf. A098071, A004148, A089735.

Sequence in context: A293313 A267539 A243722 * A243723 A243724 A243725

Adjacent sequences: A187257 A187258 A187259 * A187261 A187262 A187263

Keyword

nonn

Author

Emeric Deutsch, May 05 2011

Status

approved