%I #30 Mar 19 2023 20:20:03
%S 1,2,5,7,8,9,11,12,13,17,19,20,23,27,29,31,37,38,41,43,47,52,53,57,58,
%T 59,61,67,68,71,72,73,76,79,83,87,89,97,101,103,107,109,113,117,118,
%U 124,127,131,133,137,139,149,151,157,158,162,163,164,167,173,177,178,179
%N Orderly numbers: a number n is orderly if there exists some number k > tau(n) such that the set of the divisors of n is congruent to the set {1,2,...,tau(n)} mod k.
%C n: {divisors(n)} == {1,2,...,tau(n)} mod k
%C -------------------------------------------
%C 1: {1} == {1} mod 2
%C 2: {1,2} == {1,2} mod 3
%C 5: {1,5} == {1,2} mod 3
%C 7: {1,7} == {1,2} mod 5
%C 8: {1,2,8,4} == {1,2,3,4} mod 5
%C 9: {1,9,3} == {1,2,3} mod 7
%C 11: {1,11} == {1,2} mod 3 or 9
%C 12: {1,2,3,4,12,6} == {1,2,3,4,5,6} mod 7
%C 13: {1,13} == {1,2} mod 11
%C 17: {1,17} == {1,2} mod 3,5, or 15
%C 19: {1,19} == 1,2 mod 17
%C 20: {1,2,10,4,5,20} == {1,2,3,4,5,6} mod 7
%C 23: {1,23} == {1,2} mod 3,7, or 21
%C 27: {1,27,3,9} == {1,2,3,4} mod 5
%C 29: {1,29} == {1,2} mod 3,9, or 27
%C 31: {1,31} == {1,2} mod 29
%C 37: {1,37} == 1,2 mod 5,7, or 35
%C 38: {1,2,38,19} == {1,2,3,4} mod 5
%C 41: {1,41} == {1,2} mod 3,13, or 39
%C 43: {1,43} == {1,2} mod 41
%C 47: {1,47} == {1,2} mod 3,5,9,15, or 45
%C 52: {1,2,52,4,26,13} == {1,2,3,4,5,6} mod 7
%C 53: {1,53} == {1,2} mod 3,17, or 51
%C 57: {1,57,3,19} == {1,2,3,4} mod 5
%C 58: {1,2,58,29} == {1,2,3,4} mod 5
%C 59: {1,59} == {1,2} mod 3,19, or 57
%C 61: {1,61} == {1,2} mod 59
%C 67: {1,67} == {1,2} mod 5,13, or 65
%C 68: {1,2,17,4,68,34} == {1,2,3,4,5,6} mod 7
%C 71: {1,71} == {1,2} mod 3,23, or 69
%C 72: {1,2,3,4,18,6,72,8,9,36,24,12} == {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12} mod 13
%C 73: {1,73} == {1,2} mod 71
%C 76: {1,2,38,4,19,76} == {1,2,3,4,5,6} mod 7
%C 79: {1,79} == {1,2} mod 7,11, or 77
%C 83: {1,83} == {1,2} mod 3,9,27, or 81
%C 87: {1,87,3,29} == {1,2,3,4} mod 5
%C 89: {1,89} == {1,2} mod 3,29, or 87
%C 97: {1,97} == {1,2} mod 5,19, or 95
%C The primes other than 3 are orderly.
%C Numbers of the form 4p are orderly when p is an odd prime congruent to 3,5, or 6 mod 7.
%C For primes, k values can be p-2 or a divisor of p-2 other than 1.
%C T. D. Noe observed that for composite orderly numbers, n, k seems to be one of the three values: tau(n)+1, tau(n)+3, tau(n)+4.
%C The composite numbers with k = tau(n)+4 are of the form p^2, where prime p == 3 mod 7.
%C The orderly numbers with k = tau(n)+3 come in many forms. See A168003. It appears that tau(n)+3 is a prime with primitive root 2 (A001122).
%C The forms for composite orderly numbers with k = tau(n)+1 are too numerous to list here, but seem to occur for any prime k > 3.
%C Let p be any prime. Then p^(m-2) is in this sequence if m is a prime with primitive root p. For example, 2^(m-2) is here for every m in A001122; 3^(m-2) is here for every m in A019334; 5^(m-2) is here for every m in A019335. For every prime p, there appear to be an infinite number of prime powers p^(m-2) here. All these numbers are actually very orderly (A167409) because we can choose k = tau(n)+1. - _T. D. Noe_, Nov 04 2009
%H A. Weimholt, <a href="/A167408/b167408.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000</a>
%H Bill McEachen, <a href="/A167408/a167408.jpg">A167408/A002858</a>
%e 12 is an orderly number because 12's divisors are 1,2,3,4,6,12 and
%e 1 == 1 (mod 7)
%e 2 == 2 (mod 7)
%e 3 == 3 (mod 7)
%e 4 == 4 (mod 7)
%e 12 == 5 (mod 7)
%e 6 == 6 (mod 7)
%t orderlyQ[n_] := (For[dd = Divisors[n]; tau = Length[dd]; k = 3, k <= Max[tau + 4, Last[dd] - 2], k++, If[ Union[ Mod[dd, k]] == Range[tau], Return[True]]]; False); Select[ Range[180], orderlyQ] (* _Jean-François Alcover_, Aug 19 2013 *)
%Y Cf. A167409 = very orderly numbers (k = tau(n) + 1).
%Y Cf. A167410 = disorderly numbers = numbers not in this sequence.
%Y Cf. A167411 = minimal k values for the orderly numbers.
%K nonn,nice
%O 1,2
%A _Andrew Weimholt_, Nov 03 2009
%E Minor editing by _N. J. A. Sloane_, Nov 06 2009
%E Information about the tau(n)+3 orderly numbers corrected by _T. D. Noe_, Nov 16 2009