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A162975
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Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of permutations of {1,2,...,n} having k doubledescents (0 <= k <= n-2). We say that i is a doubledescent (also called a double fall) of a permutation p if p(i) > p(i+1) > p(i+2).
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18
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1, 1, 2, 5, 1, 17, 6, 1, 70, 41, 8, 1, 349, 274, 86, 10, 1, 2017, 2040, 803, 167, 12, 1, 13358, 16346, 8221, 2064, 316, 14, 1, 99377, 143571, 86214, 28143, 4961, 597, 16, 1, 822041, 1365354, 966114, 374166, 88482, 11486, 1138, 18, 1
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Row n (n>=2) contains n-1 entries.
Sum of entries in row n is n! = A000142(n).
Sum_{k=0..n-2} k*T(n,k) = A005990(n-1).
The first Maple program yields (by straightforward counting) the generating polynomial of a specified row n.
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REFERENCES
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I. P. Goulden and D. M. Jackson, Combinatorial Enumeration, Wiley, New York, 1983.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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E.g.f.: 1/(1 - x - Sum_{k,n} I(n,k)(y - 1)^k*x^n/n!) where I(n,k) is the coefficient of y^k*x^n in the ordinary generating function expansion of y x^3/(1 - y*x - y*x^2). See Flajolet and Sedgewick reference in Links section. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 12 2012
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EXAMPLE
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T(5,2) = 8 because we have 15432, 25431, 35421, 43215, 45321, 53214, 54213, and 54312.
Triangle starts:
1;
1;
2;
5, 1;
17, 6, 1;
70, 41, 8, 1;
349, 274, 86, 10, 1;
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MAPLE
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n := 7: dds := proc (p) local ct, j: ct := 0: for j from 3 to nops(p) do if p[j] < p[j-1] and p[j-1] < p[j-2] then ct := ct+1 else end if end do: ct end proc: with(combinat): P := permute(n): f[n] := sort(add(t^dds(P[i]), i = 1 .. factorial(n)));
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(u, o, t) option remember; `if`(u+o=0, 1, expand(
add(b(u-j, o+j-1, 1), j=1..u)+
add(b(u+j-1, o-j, 2)*`if`(t=2, x, 1), j=1..o)))
end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0, 1)):
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MATHEMATICA
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nn=10; u=y-1; a=Apply[Plus, Table[Normal[Series[y x^3/(1-y x - y x^2), {x, 0, nn}]][[n]]/(n+2)!, {n, 1, nn-2}]]/.y->u; Range[0, nn]! CoefficientList[Series[1/(1-x-a), {x, 0, nn}], {x, y}]//Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 12 2012 *)
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CROSSREFS
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Columns k=0..10 give A049774, A274997, A230621, A279292, A279293, A279294, A279295, A279296, A279297, A279298, A279299.
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KEYWORD
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nonn,tabf
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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