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A138464 Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the number of forests on n labeled nodes with k edges. T(n, k) for n >= 1 and 0 <= k <= n-1. 22

%I #61 Jun 20 2021 04:43:24

%S 1,1,1,1,3,3,1,6,15,16,1,10,45,110,125,1,15,105,435,1080,1296,1,21,

%T 210,1295,5250,13377,16807,1,28,378,3220,18865,76608,200704,262144,1,

%U 36,630,7056,55755,320544,1316574,3542940,4782969,1,45,990,14070,143325,1092105,6258000,26100000,72000000,100000000

%N Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) is the number of forests on n labeled nodes with k edges. T(n, k) for n >= 1 and 0 <= k <= n-1.

%C The rows of the triangle give the coefficients of the Ehrhart polynomials of integral Coxeter permutahedra of type A. These polynomials count lattice points in a dilated lattice polytope. For a definition see Ardila et al. (p. 1158), the generating functions of these polynomials for the classical root systems are given in theorem 5.2 (p. 1163). - _Peter Luschny_, May 01 2021

%H Alois P. Heinz, <a href="/A138464/b138464.txt">Rows n = 1..141, flattened</a>

%H Federico Ardila, Matthias Beck, and Jodi McWhirter, <a href="https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1189">The arithmetic of Coxeter permutahedra</a>, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 44(173):1152-1166, 2020.

%H John Riordan and N. J. A. Sloane, <a href="/A003471/a003471_1.pdf">Correspondence, 1974</a>

%F From _Peter Bala_, Aug 14 2012: (Start)

%F T(n+1,k) = Sum_{i=0..k} (i+1)^(i-1)*binomial(n,i)*T(n-i,k-i) with T(0,0)=1.

%F Recurrence equation for row polynomials R(n,t): R(n,t) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} (k+1)^(k-1)*binomial(n-1,k)*t^k*R(n-k-1,t) with R(0,t) = R(1,t) = 1.

%F The production matrix for the row polynomials of the triangle is obtained from A088956 and starts:

%F 1 t

%F 1 1 t

%F 3 2 1 t

%F 16 9 3 1 t

%F 125 64 18 4 1 t

%F (End)

%F E.g.f.: exp( Sum_{n >= 1} n^(n-2)*t^(n-1)*x^n/n! ). - _Peter Bala_, Nov 08 2015

%F T(n, k) = [t^k] n! [x^n] exp(-W(-t*x)/t - W(-t*x)^2/(2*t)), where W denotes the Lambert function. - _Peter Luschny_, Apr 30 2021 [Typo corrected after note from _Andrew Howroyd_, _Peter Luschny_, Jun 20 2021]

%e Triangle begins:

%e [1] 1;

%e [2] 1, 1;

%e [3] 1, 3, 3;

%e [4] 1, 6, 15, 16;

%e [5] 1, 10, 45, 110, 125;

%e [6] 1, 15, 105, 435, 1080, 1296;

%e [7] 1, 21, 210, 1295, 5250, 13377, 16807;

%p T:= proc(n) option remember; if n=0 then 0 else T(n-1) +n^(n-1) *x^n/n! fi end: TT:= proc(n) option remember; expand(T(n) -T(n)^2/2) end: f:= proc(k) option remember; if k=0 then 1 else unapply(f(k-1)(x) +x^k/k!, x) fi end: A:= proc(n,k) option remember; series(f(k)(TT(n)), x,n+1) end: aa:= (n,k)-> coeff(A(n,k), x,n) *n!: a:= (n,k)-> aa(n,n-k) -aa(n,n-k-1): seq(seq(a(n,k), k=0..n-1), n=1..10); # _Alois P. Heinz_, Sep 02 2008

%p alias(W = LambertW): EhrA := exp(-W(-t*x)/t - W(-t*x)^2/(2*t)):

%p ser := series(EhrA, x, 12): cx := n -> n!*coeff(ser, x, n):

%p T := n -> seq(coeff(cx(n), t, k), k=0..n-1):

%p seq(T(n), n = 1..10); # _Peter Luschny_, Apr 30 2021

%t t[0, 0] = 1; t[n_ /; n >= 1, k_] /; (0 <= k <= n-1) := t[n, k] = Sum[(i+1)^(i-1)*Binomial[n-1, i]*t[n-i-1, k-i], {i, 0, k}]; t[_, _] = 0; Table[t[n, k], {n, 1, 10}, {k, 0, n-1}] // Flatten (* _Jean-François Alcover_, Jan 14 2014, after _Peter Bala_ *)

%t gf := E^(-(ProductLog[-(t x)] (2 + ProductLog[-(t x)]))/(2 t));

%t ser := Series[gf, {x, 0, 12}]; cx[n_] := n! Coefficient[ser, x, n];

%t Table[CoefficientList[cx[n], t], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten (* _Peter Luschny_, May 01 2021 *)

%Y Row sums give A001858. Rightmost diagonal gives A000272. Cf. A136605.

%Y Rows reflected give A105599. - _Alois P. Heinz_, Oct 28 2011

%Y Cf. A088956.

%Y Lower diagonals give: A083483, A239910, A240681, A240682, A240683, A240684, A240685, A240686, A240687. - _Alois P. Heinz_, Apr 11 2014

%Y T(2n,n) gives A302112.

%Y For Ehrhart polynomials of integral Coxeter permutahedra of classical type cf. this sequence (type A), A343805 (type B), A343806 (type C), A343807 (type D).

%K nonn,tabl,look

%O 1,5

%A _N. J. A. Sloane_, May 09 2008

%E More terms from _Alois P. Heinz_, Sep 02 2008

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Last modified March 18 22:56 EDT 2024. Contains 370952 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)