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A133942
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a(n) = (-1)^n * n!.
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23
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1, -1, 2, -6, 24, -120, 720, -5040, 40320, -362880, 3628800, -39916800, 479001600, -6227020800, 87178291200, -1307674368000, 20922789888000, -355687428096000, 6402373705728000, -121645100408832000, 2432902008176640000
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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The terms of this sequences form the factorial series which Euler called the divergent series par excellence.
Euler summed this series to 0.596347... (A073003 = Gompertz's constant).
A002104(n+1) = p(-1) where p(x) is the unique degree-n polynomial such that p(k) = a(k) for k = 0, 1, ..., n. - Michael Somos, Apr 30 2012
It seems that a(n) is the determinant of n+1 X n+1 matrix whose elements are m(i,j) = quotient(i/j) + remainder(i/j). - Andres Cicuttin, Feb 11 2018
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REFERENCES
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A. N. Khovanskii. The Application of Continued Fractions and Their Generalizations to Problem in Approximation Theory. Groningen: Noordhoff, Netherlands, 1963. See p. 141 (10.19)
R. Roy, Sources in the Development of Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, 2011. See p. 186.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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Sum_{i=0..n} (-1)^i * i^n * binomial(n, i) = (-1)^n * n!. - Yong Kong (ykong(AT)curagen.com), Dec 26 2000
Stirling transform of a(n) = [1, -1, 2, -6, 24, ...] is A000007(n) = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...].
a(n) = -n * a(n-1) unless n=0. a(n) = (-1)^n * A000142(n).
E.g.f.: 1/(1 + x).
G.f.: integral(t=1/x,infinity, (e^-t)/t) e^(1/x)/x = 1/(1 + x/(1 + x/(1 + 2*x/(1 + 2*x/(1 + 3*x/(1 + 3*x/(1 + ...))))))).
G.f.: 1 - x/(G(0)+x) where G(k) = 1 + (k+1)*x/(1 + x*(k+2)/G(k+1)), G(0) = W(1,1;x)/W(1,2;x), W(a,b,x) = 1 - a*b*x/1! + a*(a+1)*b*(b+1)*x^2/2! - ... + a*(a+1)*...*(a+n-1)*b*(b+1)*...*(b+n-1)*x^n/n! + ...; see [A. N. Khovanskii, p. 141 (10.19)]; (continued fraction, 2-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 14 2012
G.f.: 1/U(0) where U(k) = 1 + x*(k+1)/(1 + x*(k+1)/U(k+1)); (continued fraction, 2-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 15 2012
a(n) = (-1)^n*det(S(i+1,j)|, 1 <= i,j <= n), where S(n,k) are Stirling numbers of the second kind. - Mircea Merca, Apr 06 2013
G.f.: 2/G(0), where G(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - 2*x*(k+1)/(2*x*(k+1) + 1 + 2*x*(k+1)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 30 2013
E.g.f.: 1/(1 + x)= G(0), where G(k) = 1 - x*(k+1)*(k+2)/(1 + (k+1)/G(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 29 2014
For n >= 1, a(n) = round(zeta^(n)(2)), where zeta^(n) is the n-th derivative of the Riemann zeta function. - Iain Fox, Nov 13 2017
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 - x + 2*x^2 - 6*x^3 + 24*x^4 - 120*x^5 + 720*x^6 - 5040*x^7 + ...
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MAPLE
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MATHEMATICA
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nn=20; CoefficientList[Series[1/(1+x), {x, 0, nn}], x]Range[0, nn]! (* or *)
Times@@@Partition[Riffle[Range[0, 30]!, {1, -1}], 2] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 30 2019 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, (-1)^n * n! )};
(Haskell)
a133942 n = a133942_list !! n
a133942_list = zipWith (*) a000142_list $ cycle [1, -1]
(Python)
import math
for n in range(0, 25): print((-1)**n*math.factorial(n), end=', ') # Stefano Spezia, Oct 27 2018
(GAP) List([0..20], n->(-1)^n*Factorial(n)); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 27 2018
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A048994 (alternating row sums).
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KEYWORD
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sign
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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