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a(n) is the number of shapes of balanced trees with constant branching factor 3 and n nodes. The node is balanced if the size, measured in nodes, of each pair of its children differ by at most one node.
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%I #18 Aug 01 2019 18:24:35

%S 1,1,3,3,1,9,27,27,81,81,27,27,9,1,27,243,729,6561,19683,19683,59049,

%T 59049,19683,177147,531441,531441,1594323,1594323,531441,531441,

%U 177147,19683,59049,59049,19683,19683,6561,729,243,27,1,81,2187,19683,531441,4782969

%N a(n) is the number of shapes of balanced trees with constant branching factor 3 and n nodes. The node is balanced if the size, measured in nodes, of each pair of its children differ by at most one node.

%C a(n) is always an integer power of 3.

%H Alois P. Heinz, <a href="/A131889/b131889.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1093</a>

%H Jeffrey Barnett, <a href="http://notatt.com/btree-shapes.pdf">Counting Balanced Tree Shapes</a>.

%F a(0) = a(1) = 1; a(3n+1+m) = (3 choose m) * a(n+1)^m * a(n)^(3-m), where n >= 0 and 0 <= m <= 3.

%p a:= proc(n) option remember; local m, r; if n<2 then 1 else

%p r:= iquo(n-1, 3, 'm'); binomial(3, m) *a(r+1)^m *a(r)^(3-m) fi

%p end:

%p seq(a(n), n=0..50); # _Alois P. Heinz_, Apr 10 2013

%t a[n_, k_] := a[n, k] = Module[{m, r}, If[n < 2 || k == 1, 1, If[k == 0, 0, {r, m} = QuotientRemainder[n - 1, k]; Binomial[k, m]*a[r + 1, k]^m*a[r, k]^(k - m)]]];

%t a[n_] := a[n, 3];

%t Table[a[n], {n, 0, 50}] (* _Jean-François Alcover_, Jun 04 2018, after _Alois P. Heinz_ *)

%Y Cf. A110316, A131890, A131891, A131892, A131893.

%Y Column k=3 of A221857. - _Alois P. Heinz_, Apr 17 2013

%K easy,nonn,look

%O 0,3

%A _Jeffrey Barnett_, Jul 24 2007