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A122888 Triangle, read by rows, where row n lists the coefficients of x^k, k=1..2^n, in the n-th self-composition of (x + x^2) for n>=0. 33
1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 8, 4, 1, 1, 4, 12, 30, 64, 118, 188, 258, 302, 298, 244, 162, 84, 32, 8, 1, 1, 5, 20, 70, 220, 630, 1656, 4014, 8994, 18654, 35832, 63750, 105024, 160120, 225696, 293685, 352074, 387820, 391232, 359992, 300664, 226580 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; internal format)
OFFSET

0,5

COMMENTS

T(n, k) is the number of strings of length k-1 on the alphabet {1, 2, ..., n} such that between every two occurrences of a letter i there is an occurrence of a letter strictly larger than i. For example, for n = 3, k = 4 we have the strings 121, 131, 232 and the six permutations of 123. - Joel Brewster Lewis (jblewis(AT)post.harvard.edu), May 06 2008

LINKS

Paul D. Hanna, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..2046 (rows 0..10)

Art of Problem Solving forum, Strings on [n] with certain restrictions.

FORMULA

T(n,k) = [x^k] F_n(x) where F_{n+1}(x) = F_n(x+x^2) for n>=0, with F_1(x) = x+x^2 and F_0(x)=x.

EXAMPLE

Triangle begins:

1;

1, 1;

1, 2, 2, 1;

1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 8, 4, 1;

1, 4, 12, 30, 64, 118, 188, 258, 302, 298, 244, 162, 84, 32, 8, 1;

1, 5, 20, 70, 220, 630, 1656, 4014, 8994, 18654, 35832, 63750,...;

1, 6, 30, 135, 560, 2170, 7916, 27326, 89582, 279622, 832680,...;

1, 7, 42, 231, 1190, 5810, 27076, 121023, 520626, 2161158,...;

1, 8, 56, 364, 2240, 13188, 74760, 409836, 2179556, 11271436,...;

1, 9, 72, 540, 3864, 26628, 177744, 1153740, 7303164, 45179508,...;

1, 10, 90, 765, 6240, 49260, 378312, 2836548, 20817588,...; ...

Multiplying the g.f. of column k by (1-x)^k, k>=1, with leading zeros,

yields the g.f. of row k in the triangle A122890:

1;

0, 1;

0, 0, 2;

0, 0, 1, 5;

0, 0, 0, 10, 14;

0, 0, 0, 8, 70, 42;

0, 0, 0, 4, 160, 424, 132;

0, 0, 0, 1, 250, 1978, 2382, 429;

0, 0, 0, 0, 302, 6276, 19508, 12804, 1430; ...

in which the main diagonal is the Catalan numbers

and the row sums form the factorials.

PROG

(PARI) {T(n, k)=local(F=x+x^2, G=x+x*O(x^k)); if(n<0, 0, for(i=1, n, G=subst(F, x, G)); return(polcoeff(G, k, x)))}

CROSSREFS

Cf. A007018 (row sums), diagonals: A112317, A112319, A122887; A092123 (largest term in row); A122889 (antidiagonal sums); A122890 (related triangle).

Sequence in context: A055870 A088459 A007799 * A092113 A045995 A157654

Adjacent sequences:  A122885 A122886 A122887 * A122889 A122890 A122891

KEYWORD

nonn,tabf

AUTHOR

Paul D. Hanna (pauldhanna(AT)juno.com), Sep 18 2006

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Last modified February 12 03:59 EST 2012. Contains 205360 sequences.