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A120778
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Numerators of partial sums of Catalan numbers scaled by powers of 1/4.
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9
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1, 5, 11, 93, 193, 793, 1619, 26333, 53381, 215955, 436109, 3518265, 7088533, 28539857, 57414019, 1846943453, 3711565741, 14911085359, 29941580393, 240416274739, 482473579583, 1936010885087, 3883457090629, 62306843256889
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OFFSET
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0,2
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COMMENTS
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From the expansion of 0 = sqrt(1-1) = 1 - (1/2)*Sum_{k>=0} C(k)/4^k one has r:=lim_{n->infinity} r(n) = 2, with the partial sums r(n) defined below.
If n >= 1 it appears a(n-1) is equal to the difference between the denominator and the numerator of the ratio (2n)!!/(2n-1)!!. In particular a(n-1) is the difference between the denominator and the numerator of the ratio A001147(2n-1)/A000165(2n). See examples. - Anthony Hernandez, Feb 05 2020
Sum_{k = 0..n-1} Catalan(k)/4^k = (1/4^n)*(2*n)*binomial(2*n,n) *( 1 - 1/(1*2)*(n-1)/(n+1) - 1/(2*3)*(n-1)*(n-2)/((n+1)*(n+2)) - 1/(3*4)*(n-1)*(n-2)*(n-3)/((n+1)*(n+2)*(n+3)) - 1/(4*5)*(n-1)*(n-2)*(n-3)*(n-4)/((n+1)*(n+2)*(n+3)*(n+4)) - ... ). Cf. A082687 and A101028.
This identity allows us to extend the definition of Sum_{k = 0..n} Catalan(k)/4^k to non-integral values of n. (End)
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = numerator(r(n)), with the rationals r(n):=Sum_{k = 0..n} C(k)/4^k with C(k) := A000108(k) (Catalan numbers). Rationals r(n) are taken in lowest terms.
r(n) = (4/Pi)*(n+1)*Integral_{x = 0..1} x^n*arcsin(sqrt(x)) dx. - Groux Roland, Jan 03 2011
r(n) = 2*(1 - binomial(2*n+2,n+1)/4^(n+1)). - Groux Roland, Jan 04 2011
a(n) = numerator(1 - ((n+1/2)!)/(sqrt(Pi)*(n+1)!)).
a(n) = 2^(2*(n+1) - HammingWeight(n+1))*(1 - ((n+1/2)!)/(sqrt(Pi)*(n+1)!)). (End)
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EXAMPLE
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Rationals r(n): [1, 5/4, 11/8, 93/64, 193/128, 793/512, 1619/1024, 26333/16384, ...].
For n = 4. The 4th even number is 8, and 8!!/(8-1)!! = 128/35, so a(4-1) = a(3) = 128 - 35 = 93.
For n = 7. The 7th even number is 14, and 14!!/(14-1)!! = 2048/429, so a(7-1) = a(6) = 2048 - 429 = 1619. (End)
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MAPLE
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a := n -> 2^(2*(n+1) - add(i, i=convert(n+1, base, 2)))* (1-((n+1/2)!)/(sqrt(Pi)*(n+1)!)): seq(simplify(a(n)), n=0..23); # Peter Luschny, Dec 21 2017
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MATHEMATICA
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f[n_] := f[n] = Numerator[(4/Pi) (n + 1) Integrate[x^n*ArcSin[Sqrt[x]], {x, 0, 1}]]; Array[f, 23, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 03 2011 *)
a[n_] := 2^(2(n+1) - DigitCount[n+1, 2, 1])(1 - ((n+1/2)!)/(Sqrt[Pi](n+1)!));
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PROG
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(Magma) [Numerator(2*(1-Binomial(2*n+2, n+1)/4^(n+1))): n in [0..25]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 17 2017
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,easy,frac
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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