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A120511
a(n) = min{j>0 : A006949(j) = n}.
7
1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 70, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92, 93, 95, 96, 101, 102, 104, 105, 108, 109, 111, 112, 116, 117, 119, 120, 123, 124, 126, 127, 135
OFFSET
1,2
LINKS
C. Deugau and F. Ruskey, Complete k-ary Trees and Generalized Meta-Fibonacci Sequences, J. Integer Seq., Vol. 12. [This is a later version than that in the GenMetaFib.html link]
B. Jackson and F. Ruskey, Meta-Fibonacci Sequences, Binary Trees and Extremal Compact Codes, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 13 (2006), R26.
FORMULA
G.f.: P(z) = (z/(1-z)) * (1 + Sum_{k=0..ceiling(n/2)} z^(2^m) * (1 + 1/(1 - z^(2^m)))).
It appears that a(n) = a(ceiling(n/2)) + n. - Georgi Guninski, Sep 08 2009
From Max Alekseyev, Sep 08 2009: (Start)
This can be proved as follows. Let b=A006949. It is known that b(n) = b(n-1-b(n-1)) + b(n-2-b(n-2)) and b(n-1) <= b(n) <= b(n-1)+1.
The following claims are trivial:
Claim 1. For any n, b(a(n))=n.
Claim 2. If m=a(n) for some n, then a(b(m))=m.
Claim 3. Let m=a(n). Then b(m)=n and b(m-1)=n-1, implying that b(m+1) = b(m-b(m)) + b(m-1-b(m-1)) = 2*b(m-n) is an even number.
Claim 4. Each even number in A006949 is repeated at least two times while each odd number in A006949 appears only once.
Proof. If n is even, then for m=a(n), we have b(m)=n and b(m+1)=n (from Claim 3), i.e., n is repeated at least twice. If n is odd, then for m=a(n), we cannot have b(m+1)=n since by Claim 3 b(m+1) must be even. QED
Consider two cases:
1) If n is odd, then b(m+1) = n+1 = 2*b(m-n), i.e., b(m-n) = (n+1)/2. Claim 4 also implies b(m-2) = n-1. Therefore n = b(m) = b(m-1-b(m-1)) + b(m-2-b(m-2)) = b(m-n) + b(m-n-1). Since n is odd, we have b(m-n-1) < b(m-n) and thus a(b(m-n)) = m-n.
2) If n is even, then b(m+1) = n = 2*b(m-n), i.e., b(m-n) = n/2. Claim 4 also implies b(m-3) = b(m-2) = n-2. Therefore n-1 = b(m-1) = b(m-2-b(m-2)) + b(m-3-b(m-3)) = b(m-n) + b(m-n-1). Since n-1 is odd, we have b(m-n-1) < b(m-n) and thus a(b(m-n)) = m-n.
Combining these two cases, we have b(m-n) = ceiling(n/2) and furthermore m-n = a(b(m-n)) = a(ceiling(n/2)) or a(n) = a(ceiling(n/2)) + n.
QED
This implies explicit formulas for both sequences.
Let z(n) be the number of zero bits in the binary representation of n. Then
A120511(n) = 2n + z(n) - k - [n==2^k], where k = valuation(n,2), i.e., the maximum power of 2 dividing n.
Note that k <= z(n) <= log_2(n)-1, implying that 2n-1 <= A120511(n) <= 2n + log_2(n) - 1.
Since A006949(m) equals the largest n such that A120511(n) <= m (and thus A120511(n+1) > m), from 2n-1 <= A120511(n) <= m it follows that A006949(m) <= (m+1)/2. Similarly, from m < A120511(n+1) < 2(n+1) + log_2(n+1) - 1 <= 2(n+1) + log_2((m+1)/2+1) - 1, it follows that A006949(m) >= (m - log_2(m+3)) / 2. Therefore | A006949(m) - m/2 | <= log_2(m+3)/2, which gives an interval of just logarithmic length to search for the value of A006949(m).
(End)
From p. 25 of the revised version of the Deugau-Ruskey paper, we have p(n) = s*ceiling(log_k n) + (kn-d-1)/(k-1) where d is the sum of the digits of the k-ary expression of n-1. In the present case s = 1 and k = 2. - Frank Ruskey, Sep 11 2009
From Antti Karttunen, Dec 12 2013: (Start)
a(n) = 2n + A080791(n) - A007814(n) - A036987(n-1) [This is essentially Max Alekseyev's above formula represented with A-numbers].
a(n) = A005408(n-1) + A080791(n-1) = A233273(n-1) - 1. [The above formula reduces to this, because A080791(n) - A080791(n+1) = 1 - (A007814(n+1) + A036987(n)) and A080791(2n+1) = A080791(n).]
(End)
a(n) = 2*n - 1 + A023416(2*n-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 17 2014
MAPLE
p := proc(n)
if n=1 then return 1; end if;
for j from p(n-1)+1 to infinity do
if A006949(j) = n then return j; fi; od;
end proc;
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := 2 n - 1 + DigitCount[2 n - 1, 2, 0]; Array[a, 100] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 01 2018, after Reinhard Zumkeller *)
PROG
(PARI) { A120511(n) = local(t, k); t=binary(n); k=valuation(n, 2); 2*n + #t - sum(i=1, #t, t[i]) - k - (n==2^k) } /* Max Alekseyev, Sep 18 2009 */
(Scheme)
(define (A120511 n) (+ n n (A080791 n) (- (A007814 n)) (- (A036987 (- n 1)))))
(define (A120511 n) (+ (A005408 (- n 1)) (A080791 (- n 1))))
;; Based on above PARI-program and its further reduction, from Antti Karttunen, Dec 12 2013
(Haskell)
import Data.List (elemIndex); import Data.Maybe (fromJust)
a120511 = (+ 1) . fromJust . (`elemIndex` (tail a006949_list))
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 17 2014
CROSSREFS
a(n) = one less than A233273(n-1).
Cf. A241218.
Sequence in context: A091067 A269177 A269178 * A176864 A347793 A306718
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Frank Ruskey and Chris Deugau (deugaucj(AT)uvic.ca), Jun 20 2006
EXTENSIONS
Edited by Max Alekseyev, Sep 16 2009
More terms from Max Alekseyev, Sep 18 2009
STATUS
approved