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%I #40 Sep 13 2023 08:49:22
%S 0,1,2,3,4,5,7,10,12,19,22,27,31,41,53,72,99,118,130,152,171,217,224,
%T 270,342,422,441,494,742,764,935,954,1012,1106,1178,1236,1395,1448,
%U 1578,2460,2684,3395,5585,6079,7033,8269,8539,11664,14348,16808,28742,34691
%N Nearest integer to locations of increasingly large peaks of abs(zeta(0.5 + i*2*(Pi/log(2))*t)) for increasing real t.
%C These correspond to increasing peaks of the absolute value of the Riemann zeta function along the critical line. If Z'(s)=0 is a positive zero of the derivative of Z, then |Z(s)| is the peak value.
%C The fractional parts of these values are not randomly distributed; r = log(2) * s(n) / (2*Pi) shows a very strong tendency to be near an integer.
%C It would be interesting to have theorems on the distribution of the fractional part of the "r" above, for which the Riemann hypothesis would surely be needed. It would be particularly interesting to know if the absolute value's fractional part is constrained to be less than some bound, such as 0.25. This computation could be pushed much farther by someone using a better algorithm, for instance the Riemann-Siegel formula and better computing resources. The computations were done using Maple's accurate but very slow zeta function evaluation. They are correct as far as they go, but do not go very far. The terms of the sequence have an interpretation in terms of music theory; the terms which appear in it, 12, 19, 22 and so forth, are equal divisions of the octave which do relatively well approximating intervals given by rational numbers with small numerators and denominators.
%C This sequence was extended by examining the peaks of |zeta(0.5+xi)| between each the first million zeros of the zeta function. These record peaks occur between zeros that are relatively far apart. The fractional part of r decreases as the magnitude of r increases. - _T. D. Noe_, Apr 19 2010
%D H. M. Edwards, Riemann's Zeta-Function, Academic Press, 1974.
%D K. Ramachandra, On the Mean-Value and Omega-Theorems for the Riemann Zeta-Function, Springer-Verlag, 1995.
%D E. C. Titchmarsh, The Theory of the Riemann Zeta-Function, second revised (Heath-Brown) edition, Oxford University Press, 1986.
%H Andrew Odlyzko, <a href="https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~odlyzko/zeta_tables/index.html">Tables of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function</a>.
%H Wikipedia, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_function">Z function</a>
%H <a href="/index/Z#zeta_function">Index entries for zeta function</a>.
%e The function f(m) = |zeta(1/2 + i*2*(Pi/log(2))*m)| has a local maximum f(m') ~ 3.66 at m' ~ 5.0345, which corresponds to a(5)=round(m)=5. The peak at f(6.035) ~ 2.9 is smaller, and after two more smaller local maxima, there is a larger peak at f(6.9567) ~ 4.167, whence a(6)=7.
%o (PARI) {my(c=I/log(2)*2*Pi,f(n)=abs(zeta(.5+n*c)), m=0,
%o find(x,d,e=1e-6)=my(y=f(x)); while(y<(y=f(x+=d)) | e<abs(d=-d/3),); x);
%o for(n=0,999,if(m<m=max(f(find(n,.01)),m),print1(n",")))} /* for illustrative purpose only */ \\ _M. F. Hasler_, Jan 26 2012
%Y Cf. A117537, A117538, A117539, A079630, A088749, A088750, A054540.
%K hard,nonn,nice
%O 0,3
%A _Gene Ward Smith_, Mar 27 2006
%E Extended by _T. D. Noe_, Apr 19 2010
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