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A105033
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Read binary numbers downwards to the right.
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6
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0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7, 6, 5, 0, 11, 10, 9, 12, 15, 14, 13, 8, 3, 18, 17, 20, 23, 22, 21, 16, 27, 26, 25, 28, 31, 30, 29, 24, 19, 2, 33, 36, 39, 38, 37, 32, 43, 42, 41, 44, 47, 46, 45, 40, 35, 50, 49, 52, 55, 54, 53, 48, 59, 58, 57, 60, 63, 62, 61, 56, 51, 34, 1, 68, 71, 70, 69, 64, 75
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OFFSET
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0,4
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COMMENTS
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = n - Sum_{ k >= 0, 2^{k+1} <= n, n == k mod 2^(k+1) } 2^(k+1).
Structure: blocks of size 2^k taken from A105025, interspersed with terms a(n) itself! Thus a(2^k + k - 1 ) = a(k-1) for k >= 1.
"a(n) = 2^k + a(n-2^k) if k >= 1 and 0 <= n - 2^k - k < 2^k, = a(n-2^k) if k >= 1 and n - 2^k - k = -1, or = 0 if n = 0 (and exactly one of the three conditions is true for any n >= 0).
"Equivalently, a(2^k + k + x) = 2^k + a(k+x) if 0 <= x < 2^k, = a(k+x) if x = -1 (for each n >= 0, there is a unique k, x such that 2^k + k + x = n, k >= 0, -1 <= x < 2^k). This recurrence follows immediately from the definition.
"The recurrence captures three observed facts about a: a(2^k + k - 1) = a(k-1); a consists of blocks of length 2^k of A105025 interspersed with terms of a; a(n) = n - Sum_{ k >= 0, 2^{k+1} <= n, n = k mod 2^(k+1) } 2^(k+1)." (End)
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EXAMPLE
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Start with the binary numbers:
........0
........1
.......10
.......11
......100
......101
......110
......111
.....1000
.........
and read downwards to the right, getting 0, 1, 0, 11, 10, 1, 100, 111, ...
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MAPLE
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f:= proc (n) local t1, l; t1 := n; for l from 0 to n do if `mod`(n-l, 2^(l+1)) = 0 and n >= 2^(l+1) then t1 := t1-2^(l+1) fi; od; t1; end proc;
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MATHEMATICA
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f[n_] := Block[{k = 0, s = 0}, While[2^(k + 1) < n + 1, If[ Mod[n, 2^(k + 1)] == k, s = s + 2^(k + 1)]; k++ ]; n - s]; Table[ f[n], {n, 0, 75}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 06 2005 *)
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,base
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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