OFFSET
1,4
COMMENTS
Define a triangular matrix P where P(n,k) = (-k^3)^(n-k)/(n-k)!, then M = P*D*P^-1 = A102098 satisfies M^3 = SHIFTUP(M) where D is the diagonal matrix consisting of {1,2,3,...}. The operation SHIFTUP(M) shifts each column of M up 1 row.
FORMULA
For n > k >= 1: 0 = Sum_{m=k..n} C(n-k, m-k)*(-m^3)^(n-m)*T(m, k).
For n > k >= 1: 0 = Sum_{j=k..n} C(n-k, j-k)*(-k^3)^(j-k)*T(n, j).
EXAMPLE
Rows of unreduced fractions T(n,k)/(n-k)! begin:
[1/0!],
[1/1!, 1/0!],
[15/2!, 8/1!, 1/0!],
[1024/3!, 368/2!, 27/1!, 1/0!],
[198581/4!, 53672/3!, 2727/2!, 64/1!, 1/0!],
[85102056/5!, 18417792/4!, 710532/3!, 11904/2!, 125/1!, 1/0!], ...
forming the inverse of matrix P where P(n,k) = A103246(n,k)/(n-k)!:
[1/0!],
[-1/1!, 1/0!],
[1/2!, -8/1!, 1/0!],
[-1/3!, 64/2!, -27/1!, 1/0!],
[1/4!, -512/3!, 729/2!, -64/1!, 1/0!], ...
PROG
(PARI) {T(n, k)=my(P); if(n>=k&k>=1, P=matrix(n, n, r, c, if(r>=c, (-c^3)^(r-c)/(r-c)!))); return(if(n<k||k<1, 0, (P^-1)[n, k]*(n-k)!))}
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, Feb 02 2005
STATUS
approved