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A094816
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Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) are the coefficients of Charlier polynomials: A046716 transposed, for 0 <= k <= n.
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24
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1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 8, 6, 1, 1, 24, 29, 10, 1, 1, 89, 145, 75, 15, 1, 1, 415, 814, 545, 160, 21, 1, 1, 2372, 5243, 4179, 1575, 301, 28, 1, 1, 16072, 38618, 34860, 15659, 3836, 518, 36, 1, 1, 125673, 321690, 318926, 163191, 47775, 8274, 834, 45, 1, 1, 1112083, 2995011
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OFFSET
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0,5
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COMMENTS
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The a-sequence for this Sheffer matrix is A027641(n)/A027642(n) (Bernoulli numbers) and the z-sequence is A130189(n)/ A130190(n). See the W. Lang link.
A signed version of the triangle appears in [Gessel]. - Peter Bala, Aug 31 2012
T(n,k) is the number of permutations over all subsets of {1,2,...,n} (Cf. A000522) that have exactly k cycles. T(3,2) = 6: We permute the elements of the subsets {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}. Each has one permutation with 2 cycles. We permute the elements of {1,2,3} and there are three permutations that have 2 cycles. 3*1 + 1*3 = 6. - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 24 2013
In Chihara's book the row polynomials (with rising powers) are the Charlier polynomials (-1)^n*C^(a)_n(-x), with a = -1, n >= 0. See p. 170, eq. (1.4).
In Ismail's book the present Charlier polynomials are denoted by C_n(-x;a=1) on p. 177, eq. (6.1.25). (End)
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REFERENCES
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T. S. Chihara, An Introduction to Orthogonal Polynomials, Gordon and Breach, New York, London, Paris, 1978, Ch. VI, 1., pp. 170-172.
Classical and Quantum Orthogonal Polynomials in One Variable, Cambridge University Press, 2005, EMA, Vol. 98, p. 177.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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E.g.f.: exp(t)/(1-t)^(-x) = Sum_{n>=0} C(-x,n)*t^n/n!.
Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n, k)*x^k = C(x, n), Charlier polynomials; C(x, n)= A024000(n), A000012(n), A000522(n), A001339(n), A082030(n), A095000(n), A095177(n), A096307(n), A096341(n), A095722(n), A095740(n) for x = -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 27 2013
T(n+1, k) = (n+1)*T(n, k) + T(n, k-1) - n*T(n-1, k) with T(0, 0) = 1, T(0, k) = 0 if k>0, T(n, k) = 0 if k<0.
PS*A008275*PS as infinite lower triangular matrices, where PS is a triangle with PS(n, k) = (-1)^k*A007318(n, k). PS = 1/PS. - Gerald McGarvey, Aug 20 2009
T(n,k) = (-1)^(n-k)*Sum_{j=0..n} C(-j-1, -n-1)*S1(j, k) where S1 are the signed Stirling numbers of the first kind. - Peter Luschny, Apr 10 2016
Absolute values T(n,k) of triangle (-1)^(n+k) T(n,k) where row n gives coefficients of x^k, 0 <= k <= n, in expansion of Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k) (-1)^(n-k) x^{(k)}, where x^{(k)} := Product_{i=0..k-1} (x-i), k >= 1, and x^{(0)} := 1, the falling factorial powers. - Daniel Forgues, Oct 13 2019
The n-th row polynomial is
R(n, x) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*k! * binomial(-x, k).
These polynomials occur in series acceleration formulas for the constant
R(n, x) = KummerU[-n, 1 - n - x, 1]. - Peter Luschny, Oct 27 2019
Sum_{j=0..m} (-1)^(m-j) * Bell(n+j) * T(m,j) = m! * Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(k,m) * Stirling2(n,k). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 06 2021
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EXAMPLE
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Triangle begins
1;
1, 1;
1, 3, 1;
1, 8, 6, 1;
1, 24, 29, 10, 1;
1, 89, 145, 75, 15, 1;
1, 415, 814, 545, 160, 21, 1;
1, 2372, 5243, 4179, 1575, 301, 28, 1;
1, 16072, 38618, 34860, 15659, 3836, 518, 36, 1;
Production matrix is
1, 1;
0, 2, 1;
0, 1, 3, 1;
0, 1, 3, 4, 1;
0, 1, 4, 6, 5, 1;
0, 1, 5, 10, 10, 6, 1;
0, 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 7, 1;
0, 1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 8, 1;
0, 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 9, 1; (End)
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MAPLE
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A094816 := (n, k) -> (-1)^(n-k)*add(binomial(-j-1, -n-1)*Stirling1(j, k), j=0..n):
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MATHEMATICA
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nn=10; f[list_]:=Select[list, #>0&]; Map[f, Range[0, nn]!CoefficientList[Series[ Exp[x]/(1-x)^y, {x, 0, nn}], {x, y}]]//Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 24 2013 *)
Flatten[Table[(-1)^(n-k) Sum[Binomial[-j-1, -n-1] StirlingS1[j, k], {j, 0, n}], {n, 0, 9}, {k, 0, n}]] (* Peter Luschny, Apr 10 2016 *)
p[n_] := HypergeometricU[-n, 1 - n - x, 1];
Table[CoefficientList[p[n], x], {n, 0, 9}] // Flatten (* Peter Luschny, Oct 27 2019 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {T(n, k)= local(A); if( k<0 || k>n, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( n! * polcoeff( exp(x + A) / (1 - x + A)^y, n), k))} /* Michael Somos, Nov 19 2006 */
(Sage)
def a_row(n):
s = sum(binomial(n, k)*rising_factorial(x, k) for k in (0..n))
return expand(s).list()
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CROSSREFS
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KummerU(-n,1-n-x,z): this sequence (z=1), |A137346| (z=2), A327997 (z=3).
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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