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A082605
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Using Euler's 6-term sequence, we define the partial recurrence relation a(0)=2, a(1)=3, a(2)=5; a(k) = 2*a(k-1) - 1 + (-1)^(k-1)*2^(k-2), 3 <= k <= 5. Using this definition of a(k) we (formally) work backwards towards a(2)=5 to arrive at the formula for a(k) below.
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5
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2, 3, 5, 11, 17, 41, 65, 161, 257, 641, 1025, 2561, 4097, 10241, 16385, 40961, 65537, 163841, 262145, 655361, 1048577, 2621441, 4194305, 10485761, 16777217, 41943041, 67108865, 167772161, 268435457, 671088641, 1073741825, 2684354561
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OFFSET
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0,1
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COMMENTS
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For k >= 3, a(k) has the simple form a(k) = 2^(k-2)*(4 + 1/2*(1 + (-1)^(k+1)) + 1; and it follows by induction that a(k) is congruent to 17 (mod 24) for all k >= 4. Direct calculations show that for k >= 3, the discriminants of the polynomials x^2 + x + a(k), D(k) = 1 - 4*a(k), satisfy the functional equation -D(k) = a(k+2) + 2.
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LINKS
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Table of n, a(n) for n=0..31.
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FORMULA
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(a(k))_(k>=0) = 2^(k-2)*(4 + sum((-1)^r, r=2..k-1)) + 1, the empty sums corresponding to k=0, 1, 2 of course taken to be zero.
G.f.: [ -2-x+6x^2-2x^3+2x^4]/[8(1-x)(1-2x)(1+2x)]. a(n) = A056486(n-1)+1. - R. Stephan, Mar 19 2004
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EXAMPLE
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a(10) = 1025
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MAPLE
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Note that Maple handles empty sums in an unpredictable way.
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n)=if(n<2, if(n<1, 2, 3), if(n%2==0, 4^(n/2)+1, 5/2*4^((n-1)/2)+1))
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CROSSREFS
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Sequence in context: A014556 A062737 A085613 * A007755 A060611 A103598
Adjacent sequences: A082602 A082603 A082604 * A082606 A082607 A082608
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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Johan Meyer & Ben de la Rosa (meyerjh.sci(AT)mail.uovs.ac.za), May 23 2003
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EXTENSIONS
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More terms from R. Stephan, Mar 19 2004
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STATUS
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approved
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