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A053657
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a(n) = Product_{p prime} p^{ Sum_{k>=0} floor[(n-1)/((p-1)p^k)]}.
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38
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1, 2, 24, 48, 5760, 11520, 2903040, 5806080, 1393459200, 2786918400, 367873228800, 735746457600, 24103053950976000, 48206107901952000, 578473294823424000, 1156946589646848000, 9440684171518279680000, 18881368343036559360000, 271211974879377138647040000
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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LCM of denominators of the coefficients of x^n*z^k in {-log(1-x)/x}^z as k=0..n, as described by triangle A075264.
Denominators of integer-valued polynomials on prime numbers (with degree n): 1/a(n) is a generator of the ideal formed by the leading coefficients of integer-valued polynomials on prime numbers with degree less than or equal to n.
Also the least common multiple of the orders of all finite subgroups of GL_n(Q) [Minkowski]. Schur's notation for the sequence is M_n = a(n+1). - Martin Lorenz (lorenz(AT)math.temple.edu), May 18 2005
This sequence also occurs in algebraic topology where it gives the denominators of the Laurent polynomials forming a regular basis for K*K, the hopf algebroid of stable cooperations for complex K-theory. Several different equivalent formulas for the terms of the sequence occur in the literature. An early reference is K. Johnson, Illinois J. Math. 28(1), 1984, pp.57-63 where it occurs in lines 1-5, page 58. A summary of some of the other formulas is given in the appendix to K. Johnson, Jour. of K-theory 2(1), 2008, 123-145. - Keith Johnson (johnson(AT)mscs.dal.ca), Nov 03 2008
a(n) is divisible by n!, by Legendre's formula for the highest power of a prime that divides n!. Also, a(n) is divisible by (n+1)! if and only if n+1 is not prime. - Jonathan Sondow, Jul 23 2009
Triangle A163940 is related to the divergent series 1^m*1! - 2^m*2! + 3^m*3! - 4^m*4! + ... for m =>-1. The left hand columns of this triangle can be generated with the MC polynomials, see A163972. The Minkowski numbers appear in the denominators of these polynomials. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 16 2009
Unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind as [s + k, k] (Karamata's notation) where k = {0, 1, 2, ...} and s is in general complex results in Pochhammer[s,k]*(integer coefficient polynomial of (k-1) degree in s) / M[k], where M[k] is the least common multiple of the orders of all finite groups of n x n-matrices over rational numbers (Minkowiski's theorem) which is sequence A053657. - Lorenz H. Menke, Jr., Feb 02 2010
Given a subset S of the integers Z, Bhargava has shown how to associate with S a generalized factorial function, denoted n!_S, which shares many properties of the classical factorial function n!.
The present sequence is the generalized factorial function n!_S associated with the set of primes S = {2,3,5,7,...}. The associated generalized exponential function E(x) = Sum_{n>=1} x^(n-1)/a(n) vanishes at x = -2: i.e. Sum_{n>=1} (-2)^n/a(n) = 0.
For the table of associated generalized binomial coefficients n!_S/(k!_S*(n-k)!_S) see A186430.
This sequence is related to the Bernoulli polynomials in two ways [Chabert and Cahen]:
(2) (t/(exp(t)-1))^x = sum {n = 0..inf} P(n,x)*t^n/a(n+1),
where the P(n,x) are primitive polynomials in the ring Z[x].
If p_1,...,p_n are any n primes then the product of their pairwise differences Product_{i<j} (p_i - p_j) is a multiple of a(1)*a(2)*...*a(n-1).
(End)
LCM of denominators of the coefficients of S(m+n-1,m) as polynomial in m of degree 2*(n-1), as described by triangle A202339. - Vladimir Shevelev, Dec 17 2011
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REFERENCES
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J.-L. Chabert, S. T. Chapman and S. W. Smith, A basis for the ring of polynomials integer-valued on prime numbers, Factorization in integral domains, Lecture Notes in Pure and Appl. Math. 189, Dekker, New York, 1997.
H. Minkowski, Zur Theorie der quadratischen Formen, J. Reine Angew. Math. 101 (1887), 196-202. ( = Ges. Abh., pp. 212-218, Chelsea, New York, 1967.)
I. Schur, Über eine Klasse von endlichen Gruppen linearer Substitutionen, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1905), 77-91. ( = Ges. Abh., Bd. 1, pp. 128-142, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1973.)
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = denominator([y^(n-1)] (y/(exp(y)-1))^x). - Peter Luschny, May 13 2019
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EXAMPLE
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MAPLE
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A053657 := proc(n) local P, p, q, s, r;
P := select(isprime, [$2..n]); r:=1;
for p in P do s := 0; q := p-1;
do if q > (n-1) then break fi;
s := s + iquo(n-1, q); q := q*p; od;
ser := series((y/(exp(y)-1))^x, y, 20): a := n -> denom(coeff(ser, y, n-1)):
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MATHEMATICA
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m = 16; s = Expand[Normal[Series[(-Log[1-x]/x)^z, {x, 0, m}]]];
a[n_, k_] := Denominator[ Coefficient[s, x^n*z^k]];
Prepend[Apply[LCM, Table[a[n, k], {n, m}, {k, n}], {1}], 1]
a[n_] := Product[p^Sum[Floor[(n-1)/((p-1) p^k)], {k, 0, n}], {p, Prime[ Range[n] ]}]; Array[a, 30] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 22 2016 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {a(n)=local(X=x+x^2*O(x^n), D); D=1; for(j=0, n-1, D=lcm(D, denominator( polcoeff(polcoeff((-log(1-X)/x)^z+z*O(z^j), j, z), n-1, x)))); return(D)} /* Paul D. Hanna, Jun 27 2005 */
(PARI) {a(n)=prod(i=1, #factor(n!)~, prime(i)^sum(k=0, #binary(n), floor((n-1)/((prime(i)-1)*prime(i)^k))))} /* Paul D. Hanna, Jun 27 2005 */
(PARI)
S(n, p) = {
my(acc = 0, tmp = p-1);
while (tmp < n, acc += floor((n-1)/tmp); tmp *= p);
return(acc);
};
a(n) = {
my(rv = 1);
forprime(p = 2, n, rv *= p^S(n, p));
return(rv);
};
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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easy,nonn,nice
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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