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%I
%S 1,1,1,1,2,3,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,22,23,24,26,27,
%T 29,30,31,33,34,36,37,39,41,42,44,45,47,48,50,52,53,55,57,58,60,62,63,
%U 65,67,68,70,72,74,75,77,79,81,82,84,86,88,90,91,93,95,97,99,101,102
%N Number of digits in n!.
%C If the Kamenetsky formula (see below) ever fails, it will be for a number in sequence A177901.
%C Noam D. Elkies reported on MathOverflow (see link):
%C "A counterexample [to Kamenetsky's formula] is n_1 := 6561101970383, with log_10((n_1/e)^n_1*sqrt(2*Pi*n_1) = 81244041273652.999999999999995102483-, but log10(n_1!) = 81244041273653.000000000000000618508+. [...] n_1 is the first counterexample, and the only one up to 10^13."
%D Gardner, M. "Factorial Oddities." Ch. 4 in Mathematical Magic Show: More Puzzles, Games, Diversions, Illusions and Other Mathematical Sleight-of-Mind from Scientific American. New York: Vintage, pp. 50-65, 1978
%H T. D. Noe, <a href="/A034886/b034886.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000</a>
%H <a href="/index/Fa#factorial">Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers</a>.
%H Noam D. Elkies, <a href="http://mathoverflow.net/questions/19170">A counterexample to Kamenetsky's formula for the number of digits in n-factorial</a>.
%H Wikipedia, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling's_approximation">Stirling's Formula</a>.
%F a(n) = floor(log(n!)/log(10)) + 1
%F a(n) = A027869(n) + A079680(n) + A079714(n) + A079684(n) + A079688(n) + A079690(n) + A079691(n) + A079692(n) + A079693(n) + A079694(n); a(n) = A055642(A000142(n)). - _Reinhard Zumkeller_, Jan 27 2008
%F Using Stirling's formula we can derive an approximation, which is very fast to compute in practice: ceiling(log(2*pi*n)/2+n*(log(n/e))), where log is the logarithm base 10. This approximation gives the exact answer for 2<=n<=5*10^7. - Dmitry Kamenetsky, Jul 07 2008
%F a(n) = ceiling(log10(1) + log10(2) + ... + log10(n)), where log10 is the logarithm base 10. [From Dmitry Kamenetsky, Nov 05 2010]
%p A034886 := n -> `if`(n<2,1,`if`(n<6561101970383, ceil((ln(2*Pi)-2*n+ln(n)*(1+2*n))/(2*ln(10))),length(n!))); # Peter Luschny, Aug 26 2011
%t Join[{1, 1}, Table[Ceiling[Log[10, 2 Pi n]/2 + n*Log[10, n/E]], {n, 2, 71}]]
%t f[n_] := Floor[(Log[2Pi] - 2n + Log[n]*(1 + 2n))/(2Log[10])] + 1; f[0] = f[1] = 1; Array[f, 72, 0] (* _Robert G. Wilson v_, Jan 09 2013 *)
%o (Haskell)
%o a034886 = a055642 . a000142 -- _Reinhard Zumkeller_, Apr 08 2012
%Y Cf. A137580 (distinct digits).
%K nonn,base,easy
%O 0,5
%A _Erich Friedman_
%E Explained that the formula is an approximation. Made the formula easier to read. _Dmitry Kamenetsky_, Dec 15 2010
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