A032435 Triangle of second-to-last man to survive in Josephus problem of n men in a circle with every k-th killed, with 1 <= k <= n and n >= 2.

1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 5, 1, 1, 5, 1, 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 1, 4, 6, 3, 1, 3, 4, 8, 3, 1, 1, 2, 7, 1, 3, 7, 9, 5, 4, 5, 3, 3, 8, 1, 6, 4, 10, 7, 2, 9, 1, 9, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 11, 1, 5, 1, 1, 3, 11, 5, 1, 1, 3, 2, 12, 3, 8, 5, 6, 9, 5, 4, 10, 2, 1, 1, 7, 13, 5, 2, 9, 2, 1, 12, 7, 5

Offset

2,3

References

W. W. R. Ball and H. S. M. Coxeter, Mathematical Recreations and Essays, 13th ed., New York: Dover, pp. 32-36, 1987.

M. Kraitchik, "Josephus' Problem", Sec. 3.13 in Mathematical Recreations, New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 93-94, 1942.

Eric W. Weisstein, The CRC Concise Encyclopedia in Mathematics, 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2002. [The first 8 rows of the triangle appear on p. 1595 of this book under the topic "Josephus Problem".]

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=2..100.

W. W. R. Ball, Mathematical Recreations and Essays, 4th ed., New York: The MacMillan Company, 1905 (see "Decimation" on pp. 19-20).

Sean A. Irvine, A032435 and A032436 Josephus problem data mismatch, message in seqfan, June 2020.

F. Jakóbczyk, On the generalized Josephus problem, Glasow Math. J. 14(2) (1973), 168-173. [It contains algorithms that allow the identification of the original position of the second-to-last person to survive in Josephus problem.]

M. Kraitchik, "Josephus' Problem", Sec. 3.13 in Mathematical Recreations, New York: W. W. Norton, pp. 93-94, 1942. [Available only in the USA through the Hathi Trust Digital Library.]

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Josephus Problem. [It contains a new, apparently corrected, triangle.]

Wikipedia, Josephus problem.

Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem

Example

Triangle T(n,k) (with rows n >= 2 and columns k = 2..n) begins
   1, 1;
   2, 1, 1;
   3, 1, 1, 2;
   4, 3, 2, 1, 2;
   5, 1, 1, 5, 1, 4;
   6, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3,  4;
   7, 1, 4, 6, 3, 1,  3, 4;
   8, 3, 1, 1, 2, 7,  1, 3, 7;
   9, 5, 4, 5, 3, 3,  8, 1, 6, 4;
  10, 7, 2, 9, 1, 9,  4, 1, 4, 3, 4;
  11, 1, 5, 1, 1, 3, 11, 5, 1, 1, 3, 2;
  ...

Crossrefs

Cf. A032434, A032436.

Sequence in context: A010783 A306680 A083312 * A337798 A117502 A212630

Adjacent sequences: A032432 A032433 A032434 * A032436 A032437 A032438

Keyword

nonn,tabf

Author

N. J. A. Sloane.

Status

approved