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A000007 The characteristic function of {0}: a(n) = 0^n.
(Formerly M0002)
1000
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 (list; constant; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET
0,1
COMMENTS
Changing the offset to 1 gives the arithmetical function a(1) = 1, a(n) = 0 for n > 1, the identity function for Dirichlet multiplication (see Apostol). - N. J. A. Sloane
Changing the offset to 1 makes this the decimal expansion of 1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 13 2014
Hankel transform (see A001906 for definition) of A000007 (powers of 0), A000012 (powers of 1), A000079 (powers of 2), A000244 (powers of 3), A000302 (powers of 4), A000351 (powers of 5), A000400 (powers of 6), A000420 (powers of 7), A001018 (powers of 8), A001019 (powers of 9), A011557 (powers of 10), A001020 (powers of 11), etc. - Philippe Deléham, Jul 07 2005
This is the identity sequence with respect to convolution. - David W. Wilson, Oct 30 2006
a(A000004(n)) = 1; a(A000027(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 12 2008
The alternating sum of the n-th row of Pascal's triangle gives the characteristic function of 0, a(n) = 0^n. - Daniel Forgues, May 25 2010
The number of maximal self-avoiding walks from the NW to SW corners of a 1 X n grid. - Sean A. Irvine, Nov 19 2010
Historically there has been some disagreement as to whether 0^0 = 1. Graphing x^0 seems to support that conclusion, but graphing 0^x instead suggests that 0^0 = 0. Euler and Knuth have argued in favor of 0^0 = 1. For some calculators, 0^0 triggers an error, while in Mathematica, 0^0 is Indeterminate. - Alonso del Arte, Nov 15 2011
Another consequence of changing the offset to 1 is that then this sequence can be described as the sum of Moebius mu(d) for the divisors d of n. - Alonso del Arte, Nov 28 2011
With the convention 0^0 = 1, 0^n = 0 for n > 0, the sequence a(n) = 0^|n-k|, which equals 1 when n = k and is 0 for n >= 0, has g.f. x^k. A000007 is the case k = 0. - George F. Johnson, Mar 08 2013
A fixed point of the run length transform. - Chai Wah Wu, Oct 21 2016
REFERENCES
T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 30.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 55.
LINKS
Paul Barry, A Catalan Transform and Related Transformations on Integer Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.5.
Paul Barry, A Note on a Family of Generalized Pascal Matrices Defined by Riordan Arrays, Journal of Integer Sequences, 16 (2013), #13.5.4.
Daniele A. Gewurz and Francesca Merola, Sequences realized as Parker vectors of oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 6, 2003.
Donald E. Knuth, Two notes on notation, arXiv:math/9205211 [math.HO], 1992. See page 6 on 0^0.
Robert Price, Comments on A000007, Jan 27 2016
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
FORMULA
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 0. - David W. Wilson, Sep 01 2001
a(n) = floor(1/(n + 1)). - Franz Vrabec, Aug 24 2005
As a function of Bernoulli numbers (cf. A027641: (1, -1/2, 1/6, 0, -1/30, ...)), triangle A074909 (the beheaded Pascal's triangle) * B_n as a vector = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 05 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} exp(2*Pi*i*k/(n+1)) is the sum of the (n+1)th roots of unity. - Franz Vrabec, Nov 09 2012
a(n) = (1-(-1)^(2^n))/2. - Luce ETIENNE, May 05 2015
a(n) = 1 - A057427(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Jan 20 2016
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Sep 02 2016: (Start)
Binomial transform of A033999.
Inverse binomial transform of A000012. (End)
MAPLE
A000007 := proc(n) if n = 0 then 1 else 0 fi end: seq(A000007(n), n=0..20);
spec := [A, {A=Z} ]: seq(combstruct[count](spec, size=n+1), n=0..20);
MATHEMATICA
Table[If[n == 0, 1, 0], {n, 0, 99}]
Table[Boole[n == 0], {n, 0, 99}] (* Michael Somos, Aug 25 2012 *)
Join[{1}, LinearRecurrence[{1}, {0}, 102]] (* Ray Chandler, Jul 30 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = !n};
(Magma) [1] cat [0:n in [1..100]]; // Sergei Haller, Dec 21 2006
(Haskell)
a000007 = (0 ^)
a000007_list = 1 : repeat 0
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 07 2012, Mar 27 2012
(Python)
def A000007(n): return int(n==0) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 04 2022
CROSSREFS
Characteristic function of {g}: this sequence (g = 0), A063524 (g = 1), A185012 (g = 2), A185013 (g = 3), A185014 (g = 4), A185015 (g = 5), A185016 (g = 6), A185017 (g = 7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 14 2011
Characteristic function of multiples of g: this sequence (g = 0), A000012 (g = 1), A059841 (g = 2), A079978 (g = 3), A121262 (g = 4), A079998 (g = 5), A079979 (g = 6), A082784 (g = 7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 14 2011
Sequence in context: A112347 A057427 A178334 * A240351 A358008 A249832
KEYWORD
core,nonn,mult,cons,easy
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved

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Last modified March 18 22:56 EDT 2024. Contains 370952 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)